Active and passive smoking and risk of breast cancer by age 50 years among German women.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Recent studies suggest that both active and passive smokers have an increased risk of breast cancer compared with women who have never been either actively or passively exposed. Data on lifetime active and passive smoking were collected in 1999-2000 from 468 predominantly premenopausal breast cancer patients diagnosed by age 50 years and 1,093 controls who had previously participated in a German case-control study conducted in 1992-1995. Compared with never active/passive smokers, former smokers and current smokers had odds ratios of 1.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8, 1.7) and 1.5 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.2), respectively, and ever active smokers had an odds ratio of 1.3 (95% CI: 0.9, 1.9). The risk increased with duration of smoking and decreased after cessation of smoking. Among never active smokers, ever passive smoking was associated with an odds ratio of 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1, 2.4). Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during childhood or before the first pregnancy did not appear to increase breast cancer risk. At greatest risk were women who had a high level of exposure to both passive and active smoking (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7). This study strengthens the hypothesis of a causal relation between active and passive smoke exposures and breast cancer risk.
منابع مشابه
Association of active and passive smoking with risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women: a prospective cohort study
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between smoking and risk of invasive breast cancer using quantitative measures of lifetime passive and active smoking exposure among postmenopausal women. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING 40 clinical centres in the United States. PARTICIPANTS 79,990 women aged 50-79 enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study during 1993-8. ...
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عنوان ژورنال:
- American journal of epidemiology
دوره 156 7 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2002